Monday, November 26, 2018

How To Get Your Students Excited About Similarity

       Our current unit is Stretching and Shrinking, a unit about mathematical similarity.  This is one of my favorite units to teach every year, and this year I found a great way to launch it.  I decided that to launch our unit, we would have some class "grow beasts".  I am so excited about how this class activity turned out.  There were lots of great benefits for my student's learning, and it was pretty easy to implement.

Students measuring a variety of growing toys to investigate similarity in your middle school math classroom.


       First, I'll talk about the implementation.  I had 7 different grow beasts:  2 frogs, 2 lizards, 2 skeletons and 1 shark.  Each table was assigned one of the grow beasts.  On day 1, we defined what measurements we would be taking each day.  I had a simple chart that defined measurement 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 for each grow beast.  Students took initial measurements of their beasts.  I had students submit their measurements through a very simple Google form.  I also made initial measurements of each of the different types of grow beasts.  We also examined the claims on the package (I hung them on the wall as reference), which included the following claims:

Each package made a different claim about how the beasts would grow in this middle school math project.

       The next day, we organized all of the data and looked for outliers.  For each measurement that didn't make sense, we decided what to do about it.  In a few cases, we threw the data out that clearly seemed incorrect.  In a few cases, the decision of the class was that the measurement had accidentally been taken in centimeters instead of millimeters, in which case we fixed it.  We also made predictions of what we thought would happen.  This was a great chance for me to begin to understand my students thinking before we started our unit.  I tried to focus our discussion on key issues relating to similarity, such as whether all parts of the body would grow equally, and whether the angles in the figures (such as the angles of the legs in the frog) would stay the same or change as the beast grew. Student response was mixed on these issues, so the discussion was very eye-opening for me.  It gave me a good window into my students' initial thinking about similarity.  I also had students make predictions about what would be the size of each of the measurements if they all doubled, or if they all tripled.  At the end of the day, I put the grow beasts in water.

      I also made a graph with all of the initial measurements, as well as a line showing the measurements for growing 3 x bigger and growing 6 x bigger.  I had original measurements as my x variable and growing measurements as my y variable.  I started by putting all of the original measurements on the x-axis.  I made it on a big sheet of chart paper.  This graph became a central place for me record all of the results and became the guide for many of our discussions.  I was so glad to have this graph to refer to throughout our grow beast project.  I also really liked that it was a great way to introduce the concept of proportionality, although we didn't formally use that language.  For someone teaching 8th grade or Algebra, this might also be an interesting way to look at trend lines.  I definitely found that each day's data made a somewhat linear pattern on the graph, although measurement accuracy (or lack of) might be a problem.  You could also use Desmos to graph your data.

A coordinate graph of the growth of the beasts over time for this middle school math similarity project.


       Our warm-up each day was to measure the grow beasts.  I usually gave them the first 5 minutes of class to get their measurements submitted.  If you're going to do this, you'll want to make sure that you have a towel around to dry off the beasts before you measure them.  The kids got really excited to see how they grew.  Each day I would put up the chart that listed the different measurements, and the kids continued to complete the same Google Form over and over with the measurements for the grow beast.  This project definitely reminded me that having students measure is so important, and they REALLY need the practice!  I also liked having students give the data via the Google Form.  It allowed me to easily sort the data by the animal type, and then by date so we could really see the trends in growth.

       At the end of each day, I also measured the grow beasts and add the new data to the class graph.  I had each figure color coded on the graph, but it was really cool to see how you could see a trendline of growth for all of the figures.  I loved the fact that I had already put the tripling line and 6 x bigger line on the graph, so when I showed it to the kids we could compare it to those benchmarks.


       One interesting (and fortunate) thing that happened to me was that one of my frog grow beasts did not grow for some reason. That group of students was kind of bummed out, but as a teacher it was terrific!  We had initially debated whether the angles of the legs would stay the same, and this way we actually were able to check it out.  If you plan to do this project, if possible, you might get one grow beast that doesn't go in the water to compare back to.

       Comparing two frog grows beasts: one the original size and one bigger.    The grow beasts grew very large in the water.

       We let our grow beasts grow until they stopped.  For us, that was about 7 days.  They were close to triple in size, but none of them quite made it.  This did make a great impression on my class.  It also sparked a fantastic discussion about mathematical similarity.  By the time we finished the project, I had introduced 2-D similarity (Wumps, for you all CMP users!) and we had a great discussion of what the grow beasts had to do with Wumps and everything that we had learned about the characteristics of similar figures.

Compare the size of the original frog and the bigger frog using graphs in this middle school math similarity project.

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Monday, November 5, 2018

5 Expert Activities for Teaching Surface Area

       Surface area and volume can be so confusing for kids, but this year I set of activities that really helped my students understand these concepts.  When I gave my kids a quiz over surface area and volume (mostly of rectangular prisms), they really did a fantastic job!  Here's what I did. 

  • Activity 1:  The first activity had students build arrangements of rectangular prisms using 12 interlocking cubes.  Then they had to make a net for at least one of the rectangular prisms.  I really think this was an important place to start.  6th grade standards expect students to learn about finding surface areas from nets, but I know that my students needed to review this foundational skill.  This activity was a good place to start, but I also know that I didn't want to spend toooo much time having students build prisms.  Let's face it, after a day, I was already tired of telling my kiddos to stop building everything else but rectangular prisms.   
    In this volume and surface area activity, students used blocks to build a prism and then made a net for it.

  • Activity 2:  I think the next activity that I did was the key to my kids understanding surface area and volume so well this year.  I made up rectangular prisms of varying sizes and set them up at stations around the room.  For each station, I had students list out the following information:
    • Dimensions of the prism
    • Dimensions of top
    • Dimensions of front
    • Dimensions of side
    • Total volume (which I described as the number of cubes needed to build the figure)
    • Total surface area (which I described as the number of stickers needed to cover the stickers)  
      Students working with rectangular prisms to find surface area and volume.
This truly was class time well spent.  Students really began to understand how surface area and volume were different and started to understand how to find the surface area.  At the end of this day of stations, I showed students the formulas for volume and surface area of rectangular prisms, and they really made sense to them!  Click here or the picture above to get a copy of these stations!

  • Activity 3: The next activity that we did was a card sorting activity where students had to match 6 different types of cards:  picture of the prism with lines, a picture of the prism without lines, dimensions, net of the figure, volume calculations, and surface area calculations.  The card sorting activity, as well as the activity described in activity 1, are available in my Teacher's Pay Teachers store.     
    Card sort with cards containing volume, dimensions, surface area, and nets.
  •  At this point, my kids understand the concepts pretty well and they just needed PRACTICE!  So we spent half of a class one day practicing, and that did wonders.  
  • Activity 4:  Next, it was time to work on triangular prisms.  I started by giving kids a worksheet of triangular prisms that were made on graph paper.  I thought it was important to start this way because it gave students a chance to see how to make the prism and see the measurements. This only took about 15 minutes, so I was able to combine activities 4 and 5 into one day in class.
  • Activity 5:  Next, we moved on to nets of triangular prisms, but ones that listed measurements instead of showing the net on graph paper.  Then we practiced drawing each of these figures as they would look when they were folded up.  With each one, we talked about each of the sides of the net and where it would be on the 3-D version.  I think this really helped my students be able to break down a 3-D figure into its parts.  In fact, on my quiz, I saw some students redrawing the 3-D triangular prisms into nets.

       At this point, I gave a quiz that had surface area and volume of rectangular prisms and surface area of triangular prisms.....and the kids TOTALLY rocked it!  It was a quiz that was actually fun to grade because even my often struggling students were doing really well.  Yay!!!

      For my class, the next step is an activity to help students generalize the volume formula.  I look forward to planning this, but at this point, I'm feeling super excited about the progress we have made so far.